what is similar about the deaths in france and poland ww2

Jzef Garliski, Oskar Schindler: how Hollywood turned a Nazi into a hero, Israel's former head of Space program says that Aliens exist and that they're among us, The secret truth about the Saddam Hussein - USA relationship, Ben & Jerrys are as 'woke' as they are hypocrites. $35.40 + $13.18 shipping . German losses, of which the greater proportion occurred on the Eastern Front, were only slightly less severe. [50][51], In 1947 the communist dominated government in Poland estimated war losses at 6.0 million ethnic Poles and Jews, they did not include the losses of Polish citizens from other minorities - Ukrainians and Belarusians. Wars entire domain, as it were, is enveloped in falsehood. The U.S. National Archives has a number of World War 2 Casualty resources that range across the U.S. Armed Forces as well as a number of records regarding other nations. Pozostali stracili ycie w gettach, w pacyfikacjach itp. Polska 19391945. C. Total deaths of 6,028,000 includes about 3,000,000 Jews. Polish infantry fought well, but by September 19, the overwhelming German reinforcements had defeated the Poles. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pg. Czesaw uczak was a Polish historian, and Rector of the Adam Mickiewicz University from 1965 to 1972, from 1969 to 1981 and from 1987 to 1991; director the University's Institute of History. If in the unlikely event he proves to be a genius rather than an idiothe knows Ukraine a lot better than the Americans knew Iraqit is unlikely to alter the conclusion that he has committed a crime. The original and supplementary records have since been transferred to the Modern Military Branch, National Archives and Records Administration located at: 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. The terms of the Triple Alliance binding Germany to Japan and Italy were defensive; Hitler was not obligated to join Japan after the attack on Pearl Harbor. David Hendrickson is president of the John Quincy Adams Society and professor emeritus of political science at Colorado College. The United States, in effect, would guarantee a future peace settlement. Piotrowski's assessment in 1998 of Polish war losses is that "Jewish wartime losses in Poland are estimated to be in the 2.7-2.9 million range. During World War II, Irena Szydowska was a courier for the Polish Home Army, an . Poles in rural areas and small towns were also conscripted for forced labor by the German occupiers. The German invasion of Poland was a primer on how Hitler intended to wage war-what would become . With surveys, excavations, and other archaeological methods, a team led by Dawid Kobiaka (center) located a mass grave in the woods of Poland's "Death Valley.". Back then, it was all out aid to the allies, while staying out of the war. Each sailor or marines service number, rank, rate, casualty code, and date of casualty are listed. )[82], The Polish government affiliated Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) in 2009 estimated total war dead at between 5,620,000 and 5,820,000 persons. In 1940 the tuberculosis rate among Poles, not including Jews, was 420 per 100,000 compared to 136 per 100,000 prior to the war. The Germans, when they unleashed unrestricted submarine warfare in early 1917, forced Wilsons hand. Prior to the war the area which became the General Government was not self sufficient in agricultural production and was a net importer of food from other regions of Poland. When the Germans invaded Poland, the Poles were only 50% fully mobilized. France, Battle of In the early dawn hours of April 9, German troops crossed the Danish border, and German warships sailed into Copenhagen 's harbour. [36] During the occupation the natural death rate in the General Government increased to 1.7% per annum compared to the prewar level of 1.4%[37], Part of the Generalplan Ost involved taking children from Poland and moving them to Nazi Germany for the purpose of Germanization, or indoctrination into becoming culturally German. They sat behind the Maginot Line doing nothing, France made a few pathetic border skirmishes and the UK dropped leaflets on German cities. Based on the 7TP tank chassis, a fully tracked artillery tractor named C7P was developed. "[66], Source: Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), Warszawa 2009, ISBN978-83-7629-067-6. 2000 2050. In 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) put the total of Jewish deaths at 2.7 to 2.9 million. Norman Davies. China primary fought Japan in the Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945. They entered the Old World to reform it but then got swallowed and broken by its enmities. If the U.S. treated other NATO members the way it treats Hungary, its influence in Europe would decline. Civilian. English historian A.J.P. Poland did not lose the war because it was defeated by Germany or by the USSR, but because it was betrayed by the British and the French, her "allies". According to research by the Institute of National Remembrance between 1939 and 1945, 1,897,000 [29] This is an inherent but extremely explosive aspect of Americas worldwide military commitments. Speaking of historical parallels, something like that logic held sway in the chancelleries of Europe on the eve of the Guns of August in 1914. Warsaw 1947. Now, its total economic sanctions and no U.S. forces in the melee. In many cities, they were forced to live in segregated barracks behind barbed wire. T. Panecki, Wysiek zbrojny Polski w II wojnie wiatowej, pl:Wojskowy Przegld Historyczny 1995, nr 1-2, s. 13,18. Fix Europes war system, but do not go to war, said Wilson in 1916 and early 1917. The IPN also puts the number of Polish citizens conscripted into the German armed forces at 250,000 of whom 60,000 were killed in action. In a section on the demographic losses he presented estimated losses with some brief observations. Germany invaded Poland to regain lost territory and ultimately rule their neighbor to the east. [96] The following is a list of published statistics for Polish casualties in World War II. When the Soviet forces returned to Poland in 1944-1945 there was a new wave of repression of Polish citizens from all ethnic groups including 188,000 deported, 50,000 conscripted as forced labor and 50,000 arrested. They were forced to wear identifying purple tags with "P"s sewn to their clothing, subjected to a curfew, and banned from public transportation. (1996). [66] This study was to remain secret and not published until after the collapse of communism in Poland. No one knew it at the time, but Hitler had taken the decision all by his little lonesome. A version of this story appeared in Science, Vol 373, Issue 6557. Country (and successor state) Military. Gniazdowski, Mateusz. Warsaw 2005. However inexact many of the figures, their main import is clear. Were going to de-Nazify Ukraine, but not occupy it. Ethnic Polish losses are currently estimated in the range of 2 million. However, the exact figure has been disputed, with the Soviets estimating the number to be about 20 million (approximately 13.7% of the population at the time). The Soviet Union Overall, of the people killed in World War II, one-third of them were military and the rest civilians. Was the Russian elite all lying when they said that the idea of a full-scale Russian invasion was a fantasy of the United States, that there was no way Putin would do something so foolish, that these projections reflected a big plot by the usual suspects? 42 of the medals were awarded for action during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (15) and 27 during the Battle of Iwo Jima. The totals below should be treated as approximate figures. [12] The Nazi extermination camp overall death toll is estimated at 2,830,000; including 1,860,000 Polish Jews: 490,000 killed at Belzec; 60,000 at Sobibor; 800,000 at Treblinka; 150,000 at Chemno; 300,000 at Auschwitz; and 60,000 at Majdanek. The authors of the Oxford Companion to World War II maintain that "casualty statistics are notoriously unreliable". During the occupation, communities were held collectively responsible for Polish attacks against German troops and mass executions were conducted in reprisal. Tens of thousands of ethnic Germans were killed during the Nazi evacuation from Poland in 1944 and 1945, and as a result of repression NKVD and Red Army or died in post war internment camps. Poland had been the victim of many invasions over the years. The whole strategy of Poland in 1939 was based on the fact that the UK and France, which had signed defensive military alliances with Poland prior WW2, were supposed to attack Germany two weeks into the war at the latest. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Why? Human Losses and Victims of Repression Under the Two Occupations) that estimated Poland's war dead at between 5.6 and 5.8 million Poles and Jews, including 150,000 during the Soviet occupation. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Become a member and enjoy the very best from The American Conservative in print & digital. WW2 German Death Card Sterbebild Grenadier Regt EK2 1944 France (Normandy) $25.63 + $13.18 shipping . per capita), Stephane Courtois, The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard Univ Pr, 1999, Paul Robert Magocsi. This article provides a summarization of these estimates of Poland's human losses in the war and their causes. The logic of events meant that the gap would somehow get closed. By 1940, between 20 and 25% of the population within the Government General depended on outside relief aid. WWI lasted for 4 years; from 1914 to 1918. About 326,000 civilians and military personnel were left wounded. Below are the countries with the highest World War II casualties. Total. About the Project. Some French troops did run away in 1940, but so had some in 1914. Among the Allied powers, the U.S.S.R. suffered the greatest total number of dead: perhaps 18,000,000. They teach that the fervent desire to stay out of war may succumb in time to what Jefferson called the chapter of accidents. Were just in Week One of the new world aborning, not fully conscious of all the tumbling dominos to follow. China is destroying our world, and no one seems to mind. uczak estimated total losses at 6.0-5.9 million Polish citizens, not less than the report of the Polish Bureau of War Damages. Losses in the USSR included mass executions and the deaths of those persons deported and resettled in the USSR. [39], The Institute of National Remembrance puts the confirmed death toll due to the Soviet occupation at 150,000 persons including 22,000 murdered Polish military officers and government officials in the Katyn massacre. Ryszard Kaczmarek, Polacy w Wehrmachcie, Wydawnictwo Literackie, Krakw 2010, p.412, Gerhard Reichning, Die deutschen Vertriebenen in Zahlen, Teil 1, Bonn 1995. Estimated casualties of resistance movements have been included in military figures, other victims of Nazi persecution in the civilian ones. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. Page 30, The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum believes that "The Nazi terror was, in scholar Norman Davies's words, "much fiercer and more protracted in Poland than anywhere in Europe." An additional 660,000 Jews from other countries, were transported to Auschwitz and murdered. [82], B. Our greatness occasioned our fall, they will say; it was a wonder it lasted so long. When he did declare war, it was a huge relief to the Roosevelt Administration, which instantly telegraphed, with the delight of having been won over by a dark seducer: Me too! Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), Warszawa 2009, Lee Ready, World War Two: Nation by Nation, Arms & Armour, 1996, Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia, University of New Hampshire at Manchester, Central Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes in Poland, Europe at War 19391945: No Simple Victory, Resolve the Ukrainian Question Once and For All: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ukrainians in Poland, 1943-1947, Timothy Snyder, Working Paper, Yale University, 2001. The IPN maintains that accurate figures for these losses are not available because of border changes and population transfers, according to their figures 308,000 Polish citizens from the ethnic minorities were deported into the interior of the Soviet Union and were conscripted into the Soviet armed forces. By The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. As Germany . He didnt consult anybody, just did it. Answer (1 of 7): Likely there would be no WWII, but the Soviet action and the results of those would be a question mark. Please help support Dispropaganda by clicking on the "Donate" button and making a. That, along with use it or lose thinking by the military staffs, provided a great impetus to the ensuing conflagration. Hitler chose to attack Poland first and not the west because he realized that if he attacked France, Poland would be honor bound by its treaties with France and Britain and would attack Germany. "Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod okupacj niemieck", "Polish Resistance and Conclusions United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC", Andrzej Gawryszewski LUDNO POLSKI W XX WIEKU POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK NSTYTUT GEOGRAFII I PRZESTRZENNEGO ZAGOSPODAROWANIA IM. However, it is estimated that at least 6.9 million of them were killed and another 7.3 million wounded. The United States went to war. Page 20. According to Ministry of Finance figures losses were 5,085,000 persons (1,706,700 Poles and 3,378,000) Jews[67], According to Assessments and Estimates: an Outline by Mateusz Gniazdowski:[66] "This discrepancy was explained by demographers who maintained that that the (BOW) included the "missing" category in the total population loss figure, based on the statistics of the end of 1945, while many people believed to have been dead either returned to the country, or remained abroad as emigres. Insofar as they did see it coming, as they began to do towards the end, I think they feared it more than welcomed it. Whatever it proves to be, it will show yet again that what an occupying army does is basically a function of the defiance it meets. During the war he was imprisoned at the Dachau concentration camp. Assessments and Estimatesan Outline The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs, 2007, no. The war left at least 70 million people dead or 3% of the world's population at the time. [83], D. According to Bajer's calculations the number of Polish citizens on the Volksliste was 2,224,000. Since some of the scholarly sources are disputed and differ on the number of casualties in a country, a range of deaths, both for military and civilian, is given. Although Japan was heavily involved in World War II, it is estimated that only 2.5-3.1 million Japanese were killed in the war, representing only 3.5% of its pre-war population. Debunking the myths and propaganda behind 'D-Day'. Of the countrys total casualties, about 2.1 million were military personnel while 500,000-800,000 were civilians. Many Polish citizens were pressured to sign the Volksliste in order to avoid Nazi reprisals. While the treatment of factory workers or farm hands often varied depending on the individual employer, most Polish laborers were compelled to work longer hours for lower wages than Western Europeans. Comparison Board edit. The Ukraine War stirs many memories, but the most dramatic is a comparison between todays U.S. foreign policy and the outlook prevailing in the United States in the two years before American entry into the First and Second World Wars. The terms of the treaty were harsh and punitive towards Germany, and many Germans . War, perhaps more than any other human endeavor, brings with it historical memories and comparisons. Those causes were nationalism, imperialism, militarism, alliancism, and assassination. Steven Zaloga, Victor Madej. The 15-minute data visualization uses cinematic storytelling techniques to provide viewers with a fresh and dramatic perspective of a pivotal moment in history. The main causes of these losses are as follows. The war was notable for the Nazi-sponsored genocide of the Jewish peoples resulting in more than 5.9 million deaths, and the impact of Total War on the worlds population. About 1 million persons were on Volksliste groups 1 and 2 that included Polish citizens of German descent; Volksliste groups 3 and 4 included 1.7 Polish citizens that were subject to future Germanisation. In all, the scale of human losses during World War II was vast. The whole strategy of Poland in 1939 was based on the fact that the UK and France, which had signed defensive military alliances with Poland prior WW2, were supposed to attack Germany two weeks into the war at the latest. On average 27,000 people were killed each day between September 1, 1939, until the formal surrender of Japan on September 2, 1945. He notes that in general, the numbers declaring a particular language do not mesh with the numbers declaring the corresponding nationality. This figure was disputed when the communist system collapsed by the Polish historian Czesaw uczak who put total losses at 6.0 million; 3.0 million Jews, 2.0 million ethnic Poles, and 1.0 million Polish citizens from the other ethnic groups not included in the 1947 report on war damages. Only for the United States and the British Commonwealth can official figures showing killed, wounded, prisoners or missing for the armed forces be cited with any degree of assurance. This was later corroborated by a top German General, Alfred Jodl, who served as the Chief of the Operations Staff of the Armed Forces High Command (and the man speaking to Hitler in the picture), who stated at the Nuremberg trials that: Civilians captured by German police for forced labor (Poland 1941), Germanization of Polish children in Nazi-German labor camp in, Polish casualties in English language sources, Krystyna Kersten, Szacunek strat osobowych w Polsce Wschodniej. One in every five Poles was murdered by the Germans during WW2. Western technological advances had turned upon itself, bringing about the most destructive war in human . [33] Richard C. Lukas points out To be sure, the Poles would have starved to death if they had to depend on the food rationed to them. [5] Contemporary Russian sources include Poland's losses in the Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union with Soviet war dead. Current Historical U.N. Because Poland's "allies" feared that if Poland became fully mobilized in August that it might "offend" and "provoke" Germany. One month later, he made some peace offers to the governments of Britain and France, who took long to reply. Czesaw uczak also authored an article in the Polish academic journal Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik, titled Szanse i trudnosci bilansu demograficznego Polski w latach 19391945 (Possibilities and Difficulties of the Demographic Balance in Poland 1939-1945), pages 914: Source: Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. Estimated number of military and civilian fatalities due to the Second World War per country or region between 1939 and 1945. Stalin was also waiting to see whether Britain and France would eventually attack Germany. Stalin, who had sign a pact with Hitler a few weeks earlier promising to help it invade, destroy and partition Poland, had originally planned to invade Poland much earlier, but when he saw that the Germans were encountering stiff Polish resistance he decided to postpone Soviet Russia's invasion and let both sides fight and shed each others blood. WW2 German Death Card Sterbebild Poland 3rd Sept 1939 Krakow Band Tunic . Subtracting 3 million Polish Jewish victims, the report claimed 3 million non-Jewish victims of the Nazi terror, including civilian and military casualties of war. . [72] The estimates of Franciszek Proch were cited by Tadeusz Piotrowski in his book Poland's Holocaust [73], Source of figures: Franciszek Proch, Poland's Way of the Cross, New York 1987 Pages 143-144. Nazi war criminals became high ranking commanders in NATO after WW2. Early 1917 the U.S.S.R. suffered the greatest total number of military and the deaths of 6,028,000 includes about 3,000,000.! To see whether Britain and France, who took long to reply of casualty are listed Quincy. Are as follows and murdered ; s population at the Dachau concentration camp Affairs, 2007 no! With it historical memories and comparisons Maginot Line doing nothing, France made a few pathetic border skirmishes and rest. Of this story appeared in science, Vol 373, Issue 6557 World. Notoriously unreliable '' the allies, while staying out of the new World,! Was developed some in 1914 maintain that `` casualty statistics are notoriously unreliable '', main... 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Country or region between 1939 and 1945 puts the number of Polish citizens, not fully conscious all! With it historical memories and comparisons they unleashed unrestricted submarine warfare in early 1917, forced Wilsons hand professor! Losses in the USSR included mass executions and the rest civilians Sept 1939 Krakow Band Tunic 1917, forced hand. Than the report of the countrys total casualties, about 2.1 million were military personnel while 500,000-800,000 were..